Behavior Modification Techniques for Professionals- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theBehavior Modification Techniques for Health Professionals. Answer: Introduction: Mental health disorders can be of different types depending on the condition of the patient. Substance abuse is alter intricately related to mental health disorder as it compel the addict to repeat the habit in spite of knowing the associated health risks. This kind of treatment for mental disorder can be treated by using behavioral modification techniques (Bricker et al., 2013). This kind of therapy is focused on changing the bad habit for obtaining better patient outcome. The aim of this essay to utilize the Trans-theoretical Model of change or Stages of Change Model in applied behavioral therapy (Barkway, 2013). The components of motivational interviewing, is identified in this essay in relation to the case study provided to alter the behavioral aspects that might potentially harm the patient. The case study is about a 35-year-old male named Ying, who has taken an appointment to quit his smoking habit. Ying has been smoking a full packet of cigarette for the past ten years and has decided to change as he thinks that his smoking is causing him health problems. Discussion: There are various models for behavior therapy like, cognitive behavior therapy, cognitive behavioral play therapy, system desensitization therapy, aversion therapy et cetera. A newer approach to the change of behavior therapy is the Integrative theory of therapy. It is a form of psychotherapy, that involves assistance of various psychotherapy models, which affects the cognition, behavior and psychological change of the person. A form of this kind of therapy can be utilized for Ying, which is Trans-theoretical Model for therapy or Stages of cycle therapy. The idea of this therapy is based on the fact that the patient is taking initiative to make a change in their behavior and seeks therapeutic assistance from a caregiver (Barkway, 2013). Trans-theoretical model This kind of psychotherapeutic model is the most commonly utilized practice model to treat behavior alteration. The process of changing is seen to occur in six stages. It has to be kept in mind that the relapse of the patient can occur at any stage of the therapy. This form of models helps practitioners and nurses assess each step, provide relevant strategy, and plan interventions to gain better patient outcome. The steps are described as follows:- Fig 1: Trans-theoretical model Source: Australian Catholic University Pre-contemplation (no intention of change): In this stage, the patient has not yet decided to make the behavioral change. This can happen since due to lack of confidence on the patients part and self-doubt regarding his or her own will power (Prochaska, 2013). Contemplation (intention to change): This is the stage, where the realization of the patient occurs due certain incident or epiphany. Preparation: In this stage, the person has already accomplished the realization, is preparing to make a change of habit and developed a plan of habit. Action (making changes): In this stage, the person initiates certain changes and acts to alter previous behavior. Maintenance: In this stage, the patient shows actions to maintain the decision to alter the behavior. This attempt requires strong will power and practice to subdue the control of cognitive abilities. Relapse: This stage may or may not happen throughout the cycle. The occurrence of this stage can appear in any other stages of the cycle or during interventional therapy (if taken). In case of the case study provided the patient, Ying, had already gone through the initial three stages, which are pre-contemplation, contemplation and preparation. He decided to reach out to seek psychotherapeutic help, which shows that the patient is at the fourth stage of the trans-theoretical model, which is action. The duty as a therapist is to apply the techniques of behavioral alteration therapy. The model chosen to evaluate the patient condition and provide relevant support is Motivational interviewing. This is the best form of psychotherapy to treat patient with substance abuse like drugs, alcohol, smoking et cetera. Motivational Interviewing It is the duty of the practitioner, to provide the patient with proper support, express their concern regarding the patients current condition and decide on a care plan to improve the behavior as well as present arguments that will help changing the patients cognitive habit (Rollnick Miller, 2008). The concept of MI was developed by Miller and Rollnick for treating substance abusers, which is now utilized to treat various other mental illness (Rollnick Miller, 2008). The evolution of the concept if MI has occurred from person-centered therapeutic approach of psychotherapy. The objective of the therapy is to provide encouragement to the patient to process about the initiation of requirement for altered habit or behavior and proceed to take actions for making the alteration. The support is focused on helping the patient understand and explore the set beliefs as well as values, which are held for the betterment of behavior alteration. In the given case study, Ying needs to be supported and provided a care plan, which will be more focused on him. Taking into consideration, Yings age he needs to quit smoking in order to reduce the risk of respiratory and cardiac diseases (Sarbandi, 2013). Components of MI Giving Advice: Practitioner, should provide Ying with proper advice, relevant to his smoking habits. Removing barriers: It is important that the practitioner takes necessary measures to reduce the communication barrier with Ying so as to provide, a safe and comfortable environment for him to confide in. The practitioner can use open-ended questions which will improve the interpersonal communication (Stein-Parbury, 2013). Providing choice: The practitioner must ensure that Ying is given a choice of making the better decision for himself. Decreasing desirability: The practitioner has to ensure that Yings temptation to revert to his old habit, is minimized to ensure effective therapy outcome. Practicing empathy: The practitioner is expected to show empathy towards Yings situation as the goal of the model is patient centered therapy. Providing feedback: It is essential that the practitioner express their feedback and concern regarding Ying to make him feel included. Clarifying goals: It is the duty of the practitioner to provide proper clarification for the care goals for Ying and include him in the decision making process. The practitioner can summarize the goal and discussion effectively to engage Yings attention. Active helping: The practitioner must actively participate in the process of change cycle and show interest in Yings initiatives. Five principles of MI to create conditions for change: Express empathy: It is essential that thee practitioner has the skills to listen actively to the reflections made by Ying. It is acceptable to have ambivalent feelings, which can be mutually sorted. Reflective listening will help the practitioner assert the statements made by Ying. Develop Discrepancy: It is expected of Ying to present his arguments if he does not feel comfortable at any stage of the therapy. This kind of behavior should be encouraged by the practitioner to let Ying decide what is good for himself (Lundahl et al., 2013). Avoid argumentation: The practitioner should make sure that any discrepancy should not lead to arguments as that might increase the chance in Ying to resist the therapy. Roll with resistance: If, the practitioner faces any resistance from Ying, when the therapy becomes difficult for him to handle in the maintenance stages of this behavior alteration, the practitioner should implement strategies to minimize and reduce the objections. Support self-efficacy: It is normal that Ying will feel demotivated in the later progressive stages of the therapy but the practitioner must believe in Ying and show that his ability to change is present, which will ultimately act as a motivator to improve his behavior alteration process. Affirmation of the actions and initiatives will also encourage Ying to improve. Challenges in Motivational Interviewing: The main challenge of MI is resistance on the patients behalf, when he or she faces difficulty to change their behavior. Verbal and non-verbal: This is first and obvious form of resistance from the patients behalf where the patient is verbally expressing his or her discrepancy against the therapeutic approach (Harakas, 2013). Sometimes the patient undertakes non-verbal resistance where they show behavioral, facial or signs which reflect that the patient is challenging the therapists decision. This form of resistance in commonly seen in interpersonal communication sessions of therapy (Stein-Parbury, 2013). This appearance of resistance is observed when the health outcome is not met according to the expectation of the patient, which gives rise to personal dissatisfaction. These factors are dependent on the practitioners own approach to therapy how he or she decides to deal with resistance. In this context the story of Sandy Jeffs, a woman who struggled with schizophrenia for 23 years overcame her illness by unleashing her literary creativity and publishing books on her experience. My minds eye too vivid or too clouded either too many butterflies in it or do I only have a half- mind to do anything, Im head over heels with a screw loose but cheer up because every mad clown has a sane lining or does every sane cloud have a mad lining, the mad boggles... References: Barkway, P. (2013).Psychology for health professionals. Elsevier Health Sciences. Bricker, J., Wyszynski, C., Comstock, B., Heffner, J. L. (2013). Pilot randomized controlled trial of web-based acceptance and commitment therapy for smoking cessation.Nicotine Tobacco Research,15(10), 1756-1764.https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntt056 Harakas, P. (2013). Resistance, motivational interviewing, and executive coaching.Consulting Psychology Journal: Practice and Research,65(2), 108. https://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0033196 Lundahl, B., Moleni, T., Burke, B. L., Butters, R., Tollefson, D., Butler, C., Rollnick, S. (2013). Motivational interviewing in medical care settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Patient education and counseling,93(2), 157-168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2013.07.012 Prochaska, J. O. (2013). Transtheoretical model of behavior change. InEncyclopedia of behavioral medicine(pp. 1997-2000). Springer New York. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1005-9_70 Rollnick, S., Miller, W. R., Butler, C. C., Aloia, M. S. (2008). Motivational interviewing in health care: helping patients change behavior. Sarbandi, F., Niknami, S., Hidarnia, A., Hajizadeh, E., Montazeri, A. (2013). The transtheoretical model (TTM) questionnaire for smoking cessation: psychometric properties of the Iranian version.BMC public health,13(1), 1186.https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-13-1186 Stein-Parbury, J. (2013).Patient and person: Interpersonal skills in nursing. Elsevier Health Sciences.