Reflective Journals on real ear measurment and prescription rules Essay

Reflective Journals on real ear measurment and prescription rules - Essay ExampleBut long-suffering response/opinion should as well as be in parallel with that of the audiologist in order to reach target. A cooperative patient forget of course yield successful results whilst a patient in denial will not. A safe fit is an important gain ground to patients and that the use of REM recognizes the differences between coupler and real-ear bars. In addition, patient benefit is greater when the target is well-matched. The baseline measure is useful when the patient will want to change abet later on. REM similarly shows the effects of fine tuning and provides graphical confirmation to the audiologist that the intended prescription/processing strategy have been implemented by the listening aid software. Real ear measurement ensures the audiologist will be able to understand the whole process. REM is overly helpful during counselling of patient and their family members about what the y can and cannot hear. It will verify the function of advanced features like directional microphone and nevertheless noise reduction features. Therefore, the audiologist should be adept about REM.During the lectures and readings, I also learned considerations for adults and children patients due to antithetical approaches to real ear measurement. It was suggested that normal hearing in infants are uncertain (Ching et al, 2001). There are also acoustical differences between the ear canals of children and adults that affect the audiometric data as well as the hearing aid amplification. The audiologist should be aware of this when faced with a child or adult patient.To minimize or eliminate mistakes in prescribing amplification, the audiologist should base thresholds in sound pressure level at the tympanic membrane. beat errors are seen to be fewer for adults, especially those with average ear canal size and resonance. Children are also more restless during probe tube

Race and Whiteness Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Race and Whiteness - Essay ExampleFrom the discusses it is clear that a concept of whiteness is based on custom and tradition, but it greatly undermines sociable and scientific principles of race. racialism is a representation of a historical evolution and there is a great degree of the unfavorable position of an other race. Racial practices are usually degrading and representatives of ethnic minorities are afflicted by negative practices of racism. There are many factors influencing deepening of discrimination practices, such as customs, traditions, social and policy-making factors and even law. Racism by intent in the run of time transformed different cultures and social practices and underlined the superiority of white ethnic groups. This paper stresses that the social construct of race and whiteness are considered in relation to Brazilians and Asian Americans. From the very beginning, Brazilians differed from native inhabitants by skin color and were often referred to as browns or blacks. Race classification on the basis of the skin color differed greatly from color of race. Starting from 2000 in Brazil there was a lot of complaints concerning discard of color of skin and there was a demand to introduce numerous social and political changes in order to constrict social gap amidst native inhabitants and ethnic minorities. There are evident controversies between ideological and scientific positions and representations of race.

Process Improvement Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Process return Plan - Essay ExampleControl Chart for airstream Process Graph between compartmentalisation Time and Days days Control Chart in the above graph between sieve season and days of the week reflects declining trend of time in dry wash over the days. Descriptive Statistics of the Laundry Plotting of days on x-axis and sorting time in seconds on the vertical axis is the basis of realise charts. CL in the above graph shows the control limit whereas UCL denotes Upper CL and LCL refers to Lower CL within the range of 3?. PIP Steps for Laundry Process through SPC SPC provides statistical measurement of laundry extremity to do controls in planning of the laundry serve from analytics of selective information. PDSA cycle consists of the step to apply process changement plan (PDSA Cycle, 2007) Plan Variation of cloths distribution in drawer causes the variation in measure of sorting as evident in times measured for sorting in contrary weeks. Manual measurement of sortin g also causes a change in sorting time as it is always approximate. Type of cloth changes in summer or winter season affects the processing time of sorting cloths. Do Segregation of cloths in bins through quick-sorter can minimize the sorting time. It will improve consistency of timings. I will apply appropriate labels on drawers to put costume in the dear bin. Applying labels further assist in arranging cloths in bins and reducing sorting time if clothes are labeled in categories of denim, cotton wool, delicate, etc. If I can place right cloths in the right category, it will reduce effort of sorting at the time of laundry. Study Study of laundry process for the weeks of observation provides steps of improvement. Control chart further provide insight regarding the impact of changes in laundry process. I study process and impact of changes crosswise six weeks to apply corrective and preventive measurements to hone the process of laundry for clean clothes in minimum time. Act Chase , Jacobs, & Aquilano (2006) suggest targeting for the next bottleneck after standardizing the process through reduction in bottleneck. seasonal worker Factors affecting the Laundry Process Seasonal factors affect the sorting time of the laundry process as people wear different miscellanea of cloths in winter, summer, or rain. Woolen cloths consume more time in operation of laundry than cotton cloths. Winter season also reduce agility of person that can indirectly affect the timing of laundry. Control Chart Excel is a useful tool for control chart that assists in data driven improvement through applying controls on the process. DMAIC (Define, measurement, analysis, improvement, and control) provides steps for improvement of quality (Chase, Jacobs, & Aquilano, 2006). The six week process of data collection and control measurement of laundry process sets the plan for continuous improvement across the week. Control Limits Aslup and Watson (1993) define the control limit of quality thr ough application of empirical rules between the think up and standard deviation of collected data. The CL refers to mean of the data in the control chart and 3? deviation measures the upper and lower control limit of the chart (Chase, Jacobs, & Aquilano, 2006). Statistical distribution of data sprinkling for normal population is shown in the following figure (Chase, Jacobs, & Aquilano, 2006) 90% Confidence Interval (CI) follows the mathematical design of ? - z*?/vn to ? + z*?/vn in which meaningful level is 0.10. Critical value of z for a significant level 0.10 = 1.645

Causes of Obesity in the USA Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Causes of Obesity in the ground forces - Research Paper ExampleObesity is a health state typically caused by a mixture of unwarranted food energy ingestion, absence of physical activity, and genetic vulnerability. In certain situations, fleshiness is as a significance of genes, endocrine turmoil, prescriptions or psychiatric ailments. There is also evidence to nurture this supposition that certain obese individuals ingest little. Nonetheless, they gain weight as a consequence of bleak metabolism. Typically obese individuals have meaning(a) energy expenditure than skinny individuals as a go away of energy needed to sustain a heightened soundbox mass. Obesity also defines the condition of having at least(prenominal) over thirty percent of the idyllic body mass for an individuals height. It describes the condition of having disproportionate amount of fat relative to ones lean muscle in the body (Haslam and throng 31). Obesity is a principal, avoidable cause of demise globally, with heightened frequency in adults and kids. Numerous authorities internationally suppose that obesity is the most severe public health quandary. It is a condition extremely stigmatized in the contemporary world. In addition, obesity is usually perceived as a sign of affluence and prolificacy in certain regions of the globe. The causes and repercussions of obesity have brought about varied health calamities in this century. The most significant causes of this health condition argon escalated blood sugar, consumption of wrong foods and limited exercise. These impacts usually result in increased medical expenses, unwarranted family costs, devastated lives and unhealthy kids. It also results in elevated rates of diabetes. The figures of individuals with diabetes in the States are overwhelming. Obesity costs the nation a lot of cash as a consequence of heightened medical costs. America hosts the most obese individuals in the globe. This implies that two thirds of the American populace is overweight. There are varied components of contemporary life that have added to the causes of this health condition and its detrimental impacts to peoples lives. However, in that respect are interior mechanisms that have a significant impact including an individuals appetite, metabolism as well as satiety from foodstuff. Varied individuals suppose that obesity is as a consequence of behavioral matters. Nonetheless, obesity could also result from hormonal as well as genetic quandaries, which develop insufficiencies in internal body operations causing obesity (Barness and Optiz 10). Causes of Obesity The foodstuffs individuals consume daily contribute to their well-being. These foods supplies with the pivotal nutrients they require for vigorous bodies and the calories essential for energy. However, overconsumption of calories results in obesity. An individual gains weight when he or she consumes more calories than the body utilizes. The body, consequently, transforms these exce ss calories into fat. At the outset, fat cells augment in size. However, when these cannot expand anymore, their number escalates. This health state, nonetheless, has innumerable causes. This implies that age, internal category, genes, ecological elements as well as psychological makeup might cause this medical condition. With picture to genes, obesity is an ailment that runs in family units. This is usually as a consequence of genes as well as mutual diet and lifestyle behavior. Another significant cause of obesity is emotions. Certain individuals overeat as a

Contemporary artists Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

contemporary artists - Essay ExampleThe essay coeval artists discusses the importance of displacement and the perceived lack or flux of geopolitical boundaries to contemporary artists. Conversely, it is important to hold the fact that although displacements, migrations and perceived lack or flux of geo-political boundaries have closely knit contemporary artists from numerous parts of the world into a global assemblage of persons with common interests, yet the same has led to the alter of national cultural heritage, vis--vis, the sanctioning of contemporary artistes in their given country. This happens as any country or geopolitical entity or body politic become aware of the fact that through globalization, multiculturalism is acting as a force that gnaws away at a peoples socio-cultural values and heritage. It is against this backdrop that states, countries, nation-states or other geopolitical entities have come to craft and ratify policies that are to consolidate or strengthen cultural and social heritage. Chiefly featuring among these policies is the creation of the aforementioned associations which are nevertheless nation or state-specific. The Contemporary Art Society of Victoria Inc. commonly known as CAS exists and functions as a non-profiting organization seeks to promote the interests of artists kindle in contemporary art works exemplifies government attempts to consolidate contemporary artists within the confines of geopolitical boundaries. CAS is run by artists, for the benefits.

Management Research Methods Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Management Research Methods - Assignment ExampleA literature review is everlastingly considered as the central component of a explore. In the context of this research it is expected that a considerable volume of literature regarding Entrepreneurs and their features can be found on different sources. The sources include books, past research paper and scholarly articles, which can be from either online source or offline source. The topic which will be interpreted forward will be about entrepreneurship and only information pertaining to this will be taken into account. There are several research articles on Entrepreneurship and attempt but the articles which will be taken into account is Differentiating Entrepreneurs from small business owners A Conceptualisation (Carland et.al, 1984, p.354). While studying the references it has been recorded that each agent emphasizes on different aspects of Entrepreneurship. An enterprise is a business organisation which is engaged in the exchang e of goods and function for the sake of earning profit. An enterprise can be either profitable or non-profitable it depends on the intention of the entrepreneur who is behind the enterprise. Enterprise can be further classified as public-Enterprise or a snobbish enterprise (Publish your Articles, n.d.). A public enterprise is a state controlled enterprise and on the contrary a private enterprise is owned by some individual or a group of individual. On the new(prenominal) hand an entrepreneur as defined first time in the history by Robert Cantillon in 1755 stating that an entrepreneur is the person linking the consumer and the manufacturer for the purpose of earning profit. (Definition of Entrepreneurship, n.d.). The root of the article Differentiating Entrepreneurs from small business owners A Conceptualisation stresses on the fact that there exists a difference between an entrepreneur and a manager. thence he pointed out that the major difference lies in bearing riskiness by the entrepreneur. However Schumptor countered that risk taking is an obligation in ownership, therefore it is not considered as an attribute. An entrepreneur always applies innovation and other management practices strategically while the same is not present in case of the owner of a small business. They in like manner identified that there is a difference between small business and entrepreneurship, possibly there are some overlapping factors but the concept is not the same. An entrepreneurial firm whitethorn start at any size but the growth depends over time. In the article Enterprise skill and enterprise learning the author focuses on the fact that innovation and entrepreneurship has brought major technological changes and also contributed to the economic and social landscape of the developed countries. According to the author industrial revolutions with steam engine and Electrification was a result of new innovations and also mentioned that presently we are undergoing the thir d industrial revolution with trademarks like IT, Telecommunication, Biotechnology, Robotics and Nanotechnology. The author also mentioned that Entrepreneurship skills are amalgamation of skills, attributes, beliefs and qualities which is gained by theoretical learning, following somebody as idol and by dint of real life experiences (Ward, n.d.). According to the author of the article titled Entrepreneurs, the self employed and employees amongst young European Higher education graduate that factors such as demography, professional background,

Case Study analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Case Study analysis - Essay shellAn organization without a vision, mission, purpose and values is doomed to fail. It is hard for such an organization to be capable to set their goals and objectives. The organization has no defined future and does not know what it exists to do. Vision, mission and values helper an organization to have common goals and objectives in an organization.The management expects to maximize the level of their profits. They withal expect to start out their operating costs. Considering the level of competition in the industry, the management expects to have a viable benefit all over their competitors. The management also expects to have the right people for the job.They expect to be treated with respect and dignity. They also expect the companionship will produce products of high quality that will meet their needs. The customers expect the community will have the recent technology to improve their efficiency.There is a rapid change of technology, and the company does not want to adopt the modernistic changes. The companies workforce has also changed with time as well as their needs. The company has to adapt to the changes and learn the needs of its workforce in order to keep them satisfied in the job. The company also needs to learn the changing needs of the customer in order to retain competitive in the market.The manager (Meyerson) moral development is within the stage of the social contract. Meyerson values various opinions and the rights of employees. The manager believes that the organization should adopt policies that lead to the satisfaction of the majority of workers. The manager has come up with new management styles that lead to the satisfaction of the majority of the employees. Meyerson has opened the communication channel in the organization for employees to vex him directly. He has also embraced the problems of the workforce as problems of the whole organization. (Robbins, 2005)The model is ideal in evaluation of g ravestone

Albert Chinalmg Achebe Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Albert Chinalmg Achebe - Essay ExampleBorn in 1930 in Ogidi, Nigeria, this 78 year gray writer is widely known for his work, Things come across Apart, the first novel he wrote way keep going in 1958. This novel is in fact considered an unsentimental novel, depicting the life and ambitions of Okonkwo, a powerful leader of the Igbo community. Chinua Achebe overly comes from this very community, therefore in a way he wrote about what he experienced and felt during the childhood and youth old age. The main character of Things fall Apart, Mr. Okonkwo is the big man of a handed-down village, but the manner in which this man started moving towards fulfilling his ambitions direct to prosecution and punishment for him. He was signalled out and targeted for fighting against colonialism. The western execution on values and institutions of traditional Africa, led to isolation of Okonkwo. Such incidents coupled with his approach towards circumstances led to his bad days and ultimately to his downfall. Things Fall Apart narrated the adverse impacts of the influence of western world on the traditional Ibo African society. Without glamorising his community i.e. the Ibo society, Achebe described how things started falling apart after the Europeans crop foot on the African land2. The title of the book, Things fall Apart has been taken from William Butler Yatess The Second Coming - Things fall apart the centre cannot hold.3 This novel proved to be hugely popular and subsequently translated into some 50 languages. About 10 million copies of this book claim been sold around the world. In fact this book also formed the basis of a ask Bullfrog in the Sun directed by Hans Jrgen Pohland in 1972.While trying his hand at novels in 1958, Achebe is verbalise to have said, I was quite certain that I was going to try my hand at writing, and one of the things that set me thinking was Joyce Carys novel set in Nigeria, Mister Johnson, which was praised so much, and it was clear to m e that this was a most superficial picture.and so I thought if this was famous, then someone perhaps ought to try and look at this from the inside (Gikandi, 1996). Chinua Achebe never looked back thereafter and came out with many popular novels with subjects ranging from satire on corruption to the plight of people in the ethnic violence and civil war. Some of the notable works of Chinua Achebe include Arrow of God (1964), A Man of the People (1966), Beware, Soul Brother (1971), Christmas in Biafra and Other Poems (1973), Anthills of the Savanna (1987) etc.Achebe started his working days from the Nigerian bare Co. in Lagos in 1954. He also studied broadcasting from the British Broadcasting Corp. in London, but destiny had something else in store for him and instead of becoming a broadcaster, he went on to become a successful writer. Presently teaching his students as a professor at window-dress College, New York, Achebe has also travelled around the world for delivering lectures o n subjects dear to his heart, at different universities. He became the Editor of Okike, a reputed and most influential African literary magazine in 1971, and he act to edit it after having accepted the post of Professor of English at the University of Massachusetts at Amherst in 1971.Married with four children, Achebe met with a serious car accident in the year 1990, and subsequently the discredit part of his body was paralyzed. But the manner in which

Need to Invent an Appropriate Technique to Extract Hydrogen from Research Paper

Need to Invent an Appropriate Technique to survival of the fittest Hydrogen from Non-polluting Sources - Research Paper ExampleHuman activities are increasing the natural levels of those gases, by emitting atomic number 6 dioxide from the ardent of fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas methane and nitrous oxide produced by agricultural activities and changes in the use of land use and by some industrial gases that do not occur course but are long-lived in the atmosphere. Emissions of poisonous gases from vehicles are also constantly polluting the air. In fact, a large proportion of harmful gases in the atmosphere are being emitted from the vehicles. With the development of civilization, the rate of cargo ships has also increased. Today, most of the vehicles are run by fossil fuels, like petrol, diesel engine, coal etc. the burning of these fuels emit hazardous gases in the atmosphere and enhances the risk of global warming. In assure to protect the Universes from the swearing of global warming, the immediate need is to reduce the emission of those gases that are responsible for global warming. In order to reduce the emission level, the prime requirement is to discover alternative sources of energy other than fossil fuel. The vehicles, thus also need to be run by the energy whose production does not need petrol, diesel or coal. Scientists are experimenting with several alternatives to the traditional source of energy for the vehicles. Fuel cell cars seem to be an appropriate solution to the problem of global warming.In the last twenty years, scientific know guidege has led to the understanding that anthropogenic, human-made actions were responsible for the changes in global climate. Those changes are a consequence of the emission and accumulation of greenhouse gases on the atmosphere.

Defining the Role of the President of the United States as Outlined in Research Paper

Defining the Role of the chairman of the joined States as Outlined in the US musical composition - Research Paper ExampleThe President can appoint people to high-level positions of public administration. This occasion and mogul are enshrined and provided for in segmentation II of clause II of the Constitution where the Chief executive can select top employees, subject to the approval of the Senate. Still, as the Chief Administrator, Section III of Article II bestows the power to make recommendations on fiscal policies on the President of the United States. The consideration of this bind is always done in light of Article I of the US constitution which accords Congress the power to review taxes and spending. Nevertheless, the power to control the budget-making process is chief among the crucial administrative prerogatives of the President of the US. In this light, it is often the President who makes the decision on how and where the money is spent. At the end of the 1990s, the Office of the President took over a more significant function in determining federal spending.Section III of Article too extends the Office of the President of the United States the powers of a Chief Magistrate. Particularly, Section III of Article states that the President of the United States shall take care that the laws be faithfully executedIn a closely related wavelength, Section VII of Article I accords the President of the United States the powers of the Chief Legislator. This section of the US Constitution states that every(prenominal) bill which the Senate and the House of Representative shall pass shall be presented to the President of the United States prior to its becoming law. If the President approves the Bill, he shall append his signature to it. Otherwise, the President shall return the Bill to the House with his objections to it.

Should the university cancel on-line courses Essay - 1

Should the university cancel on-line courses - Essay ExampleThe results of much(prenominal) studies insinuated that the positive perception regarding online education has continued to grow.Apart from the previously mentioned driving factors, the study also revealed that its gain is facilitated by the increase in the adult population who seek education. It has also grown because most take leaders have endorsed it as an equally competitive option. Above all, the advancement in the cultivation engineering science concepts has triggered the adoption of online education. This paper focuses on discussing whether universities and colleges should cancel online courses. The initial theory and stand of the argument is that online education provides an substitute that is equally competitive in every aspect compared to the traditional or classroom learning approach. For this reason, high learning institutions should not cancel online education.One of the most obvious reasons why online co urses should not be rescinded is owed to the tractableness and convenience presented by the education system (Ni, 205). The learning system allows individuals who have tight schedules such as working mothers, to plan of attack education at their convenient time. Other muckle who exist in the aforementioned(prenominal) category include managers and students who wish to pursue multiple courses at the same time. In this context, such people can access education without interfering with other equally important agendas. On the same context, it helps students to access education without being inconvenienced by longer distances of separation between the location of the institutions and their locations.Secondly, it provides alternatives for students who cannot find their preferred courses in the universities near them without having to relocate to other regions. Studying online is also advantageous because the web is full of different kinds of information that may support students study progress.

How far can recruitment and selection processes under HRM be Essay

How far raft recruitment and selection processes under HRM be characterised as being about getting the best person for the job - Essay ExampleMuch of the important flirt on the relative merits of employment structures has evolved through the debate in the industrial sociology/industrial relations and HRM literatures on the flexible firm. Several dimensions of flexibility have been identified (Blyton and Turnbull, 1998).Effective recruitment and selection argon critical to organizational success. They enable companies to have high-performing employees who are also satisfied with their jobs, thus contributing positively to the firms bottom line. On the contrary, poor recruitment and selection often result in mismatches which can have negative consequences for an organization. A misfit who is non in tune with the organizations philosophies and goals can damage production, customer satisfaction, and relationship with suppliers and the over exclusively quality of work. He can also adv ersely go the morale and commitment of co-workers and negate efforts to foster team work. Training your way out of a unseasonable hire can be very expensive. Effective recruitment and selection are therefore not only the first step towards organizational excellence, but are important cost control mechanisms as well. Although HR managers may be responsible for designing employees recruitment and selection systems in many firms, all managers need to understand and use these systems. After all attracting and hiring the right kind and level of talent are critical elements of business effectiveness. Stocking a company with top talent has been described as the single or so important job of management (Hand, 2002). Managers being an in charge of recruiting or have a bring up role in the process, if they do not attract and hire the right people it can loss the organization.Recruitment is the process of generating a pool of qualified candidates for a particular job. The firm must enunc iate the jobs availability to the market and attract qualified candidates to apply. The firm may seek applicants

Transformational leadership, Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Transformational leadership, - Essay ExampleOrganisations operate in a slashing environment and they ought to keep pace with the convinces that may take place hence this style can make better the organisations fortunes. The most important traits of transformational leaders is that they are value driven and they belief in people which helps them to share the same vision for the organisation. Introduction Organisations are operating in environments that are characterised by radical change, immense volatility and international dynamics during the contemporary period (Schultz, 2005). Therefore, organisations have to cope with change magnitude competition and the changing demands of the customers and it can be noted that leadership is the key factor in find whether the organisations are better positioned to capitalise on the opportunities that evolve from these changes in the environment. Thus, the way in which the organisations respond to currently challenges is strongly tied to t he values, attitudes, styles and responses of their leaders hence it is imperative that the leaders should adopt leadership practices that are congenial with the situation obtaining on the ground during the current period. Also of concern is the fact that leadership is not altogether limited to chief executive officers since anyone can be in a position to lead in one way or the other. As such, this paper seeks to focus on what leadership is, discuss discordant contemporary leadership perspectives and theories. Special attention will be paid to transformational leadership through a review of literature that explores what various academic authors suggest are the key traits that make such a leader. Examples will be used as to why this is an important leadership style and how it can change the organisations fortune. What is leadership? According to Schultz (2005, p. 186), leadership is generally defined as the social deal of influencing people to work voluntarily, enthusiastically a nd persistently towards a purposeful group or organisational goal. From this definition, it can be noted that leadership is not restricted to a formal position given that anyone can be in a position to exert influence on the other people within the organisation. Robbins (2003) concurs with this tracing when he said that leadership is the ability to influence a group of people towards the achievement of organisational goals. In order for the organisations to be effective, there is need for the leaders to take a leading role in influencing the members to put optimum performance in their operations for the betterment of the organisation as a whole. The deportment of the employees has to be channelled and directed towards the achievement of the organisations objectives and this calls for leadership. Various perspectives have been developed over the old age and a number of theories have developed within these perspectives. Only the most popular and recent theories will be discussed in the following section and these include the following trait theories, behavioural theories as head as contingency/situational theories of leadership. Focus of the discussion will then switch to transformational leadership which represents a new paradigm in leadership. The trait theories This progress to leadership is the foundation of leadership theory and thinking. The trait approach to leadership focuses on specific individual attributes of leaders such as physical

Using Of The Media And Its Influence On The Company Success Assignment

Using Of The Media And Its catch On The Company Success - Assignment ExampleThis is with the aim of trying to focus on how it pot be able to retain the customers amidst the rising competition from other fashion companies that are coming up. about vital information is shared among members where everyone is allowed to bring forward their views based on their experience but devising certainly there is no diversion from the set policies and procedures before being granted any rights for proposals. This is make in order to promote understanding from all parties of what they are expected to know.That is, before proposals are made, the elect products are of quality in terms of prices and satisfaction to everyones need with a broader focus on customer satisfaction.This is done among all interested groups or parties who are involved in the process or when end results are obtained by mainly the manager and their employees. Meetings are held either in conferences, public hearings or could be one on one to help members get at par with what and how the organization is cookery to implement its strategies. But this is done after notices in procurement or electronics are apply to bare the information.In the above matrix, males are more favored because of their population. The connection targets them by trying to make sure at least a number of them get the desired outfit. This minimizes time wastage in making jeans (Grady, 2007).The company has also realized that it is important to focus on ladies wear since they go with fashion and so postulate various designs in order to capture a good number of customers by providing quality serve up to them. This will help increase the customer demand hence more sales of the companys products.In step two, other stakeholders submit a notice which describes their policies and procedures. This includes the information that must be submitted and the criteria used to make an initial evaluation of the organization.

The Competitive Advantage of China Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Competitive Advantage of China - Essay exampleThe country is ranked very low on considerations of favoritism in administration decision reservation (Rank 43rd), ethical behavior (47th) Intellectual property protection (58th) and auditing and accounting standards (95th). These are artificial constraints and businesses have to be more innovative (manipulative) to succeed.The extent of sophistication of Chinas competitive advantage was quite poor, the country being ranked at 59th on this factor. Its competitiveness is based more on providing cheap labor and natural resources quite a than unique and sophisticated products, technologies and processes.The countrys state owned enterprises and the banking sector are still in deep trouble, government intervention to protect these lead to skewed decisions. Levels of financial intermediation are low and the state has had to step in from time to time to mitigate the adverse effects of a large, non-performing loan portfolio. Added to thi s is the artificially fixed substitution rate that has remained unchanged at 8.28 Rmb/US$ in the period under review. Floating of the Yuan to follow up its market driven level shall have major repercussions on the economy as it likely to consider considerably making Chinese products more expensive and allow competition from other countries.In harm of consumer sophistication China ranked 42nd and only 64th in terms of the extent to which its domestic consumers actively de

Management Capacity Resume Essay Example for Free

Management Capacity sketch EssayThe purpose of this letter is to express my interest in working with your company in a management capacity. I have over 15 years experience working for a major bottling company utilizing my Sales and Operations management skills which would be an asset to your organization.My diverse background includes serving in the United States Army Reserve. In both my military and professional career, I have demonstrated smooth leadership abilities and exceptional customer service skills. I successfully built a solid gross gross revenue team consistently mentoring and motivating staff to meet and exceed company sales quotas. In do-gooder to the skills noted on my resume, I can also offer your companyAn enthusiastic individual quest new endeavors, accomplishing personal and professional goals.A multi-tasking individual leveraging sales and marketing skills to exceed sales quotas.Excellent analytical ability with solid verbal and written communication skil ls.I look fore to speaking with you further to discuss my skills and qualifications. You can reach me at the number listed above.

Gestational Diabetes Essay Example for Free

gestational Diabetes EssayGestational Diabetes is high note abrasion (diabetes) that starts or is first diagnosed during pregnancy. It is a former in which women without previously diagnosed diabetes exhibit high line of reasoning glucose levels during pregnancy, e circumscribedly during third trimester. There is still the question whether the condition is natural during pregnancy (Serlin Lash 2009).Causes, Incidence, and Risk Factors Pregnancy hormones can block insulin from doing its job. When this happens, glucose levels may increase in a pregnant womens blood. You argon at greater risk for gestational diabetes if you are of age(p) than 25 when you are pregnant, live with family history of diabetes, gave birth to a bollocks up that weighed more than 9 pounds or had a birth defect, save high blood pressure, have too much amniotic fluid, have had an unexplained miscarriage or stillbirth, or were overweight before the pregnancy (Benjamin Pridijan 2010). Symptoms Usuall y there are no symptoms, or the symptoms are mild and not life threatening to the pregnant woman. The blood sugar (glucose) level usually returns to normal later on delivery. Symptoms may intromit blurred vision, fatigue, frequent infections, including those in the bladder, vagina, and skin, increase thirst, increased urination, nausea and vomiting, and weight loss despite increased appetite (Benjamin Pridijan 2010).Signs and Tests Gestational diabetes usually starts midway through the pregnancy. All pregnant women should receive an oral glucose tolerance test between the 24th and twenty-eighth week of pregnancy to screen for the condition. Women who have risk factors for gestational diabetes may have this test in the beginning in the pregnancy (Serlin Lash 2009).Once you are diagnosed with gestational diabetes, you can see how swell you are doing by testing your glucose level at home. The most common way involves pricking your finger and place a drop of blood on a mechanism that will give you a glucose construe(Serlin Lash 2009). Treatment The goals of treatment are to keep blood sugar (glucose) levels within normal limits during pregnancy, and to thrust sure that the growing baby is red-blooded (Cohen-Almagor R. 2000). Watching the baby The health care provider should almost check both mother and baby throughout the pregnancy. Fetal monitoring will check the size and health of the fetus. A nonstress test is a very simple, painless test for the mother and baby. A machine that hears and displays the babys heartbeat (electronic fetal monitor) is placed the the mothers abdomen. The health care provider can compare the pattern of the babys heartbeat to movements and find out whether the baby is doing well (Cohen-Almagor R. 2000).Diet and Exercise The best way to emend the diet during pregnancy is by eating healthy foods. The expectant mother should talk to her doctor or dietitian if vegetarian or on a special diet. In general, when diagnosed with g estational diabetes the diet should be moderate in fat and protein, provide carbohydrates through foods that include harvest-homes, veget able-bodieds, and complex carbohydrates such as bread, cereal, pasta, rice. Foods that contain a lot of sugar, such as soft drinks, fruit juices and pastries should be avoided. If managing the diet does not control blood sugar levels, then the physician may say diabetes medicine by mouth or insulin therapy (American Diabetes Association 2008).Prognosis Most women with gestational diabetes are able to control their blood sugar and avoid harm to themselves or their baby. Pregnant women with gestational diabetes tend to have larger babies at birth. This can increase the chance of problems at the time of delivery, including birth injury (trauma) because of the babys large size, delivery by c-section. The baby is more likely to have periods of low blood sugar (hypoglycemia) during the first few days of life. Mothers with gestational diabetes have an increased risk for high blood pressure during pregnancy. There is a slightly increased risk of the baby dying when the mother has untreated gestational diabetes, controlling blood sugar levels reduces this risk (Serlin Lash 2009).High blood glucose levels often go back to normal after delivery. However, women with gestational diabetes should be watched closely after giving birth and at regular doctors appointments to screen for signs of diabetes. Many women with gestational diabetes develop diabetes within 5-10 years after delivery (Serlin Lash 2009).Prevention Beginning prenatal care early and having regular prenatal visits helps improve the health of expectant mother and her baby. Having prenatal screening at 24-28 weeks into the pregnancy will help encounter gestational diabetes early. If overweight, decreasing BMI to a normal range before getting pregnant will lessen the risks of developing gestational diabetes (Benjamin Pridijan 2010).

The History of Italian Theatre Essay Example for Free

The accounting of Italian Theatre EssayThe Italian Renaissance occurred from 1550 1700. The rapid economic growth in Italy during this clip made it possible for the more wealthy citizens to endulge in alternate make waters of entertainment. Wealthy families such as the Medicis began a system of patronage, in which they would finance artists to produce art in many forms. Italian theatre utilize the plays of ancient Greek and Roman theatre (dramas) as well as mediaeval theatre (religious plays) as a foundation.Commedia dellArteThe main style used by theatre groups in Italy during this period was called commedia or Commedia dellArte. Commedia dellArte or the comedy of handicraftal artists was a mainstay in Italian theatre during its renaissance. This included bits of comedy performed by different actors called lazzi. The type of comedy used in the Italian Renaissance was what is now known as slapstick or farce. This was a comedy style, which highlighted pain or misfortune oc curring to the actors in a uproarious context.For the most part the actors in these comedies used no scripts. The actors were given a plot or scenario and acted let on these plots in a humorous way. These performances were often vulgar and obscene. Standardize characters developed and appeared in familiar costumes and eating away masks.The character standards for Commedia included these gen durationl outlines Pantalone A greedy old man, merchant or fool, often lustful, conniving, andmeddling. Dottore A drunk, often proffesor or doctor dressed in a cap and gown. Capitano A soldier who was braggadocios and cowardly. Inamorati materialisation lovers who appeared quite normal compared to the rest ofthe characters. zanni Foolish servants. Usually two servants, one being drunk andmore foolish than his cohort.NeoclassicismNeoclassicists were rigid critics of Italian drama. They developed rules for theatre performances that survived for nearly 200 years in Europe. These mandates were cla imed to return been derived from Greek and Roman models. Five central concepts of neoclassicism are as follows verisimilitude, decorum, purity of genres, the three unities, and two faithful purpose.Verisimilitude The seeking of truth. An attempt to portray the performance as a reasonable interpretation of what is real or reasonably expected in real life.Decorum The way in which characters of certain classes behaved according to that class. Age, sex, rank, and profession would be acted out as if the characters held those standings. A strong sense of moral right and wrong was upheld, reflected by the punishment of evil, and the rewarding of good.Purity of Genres Comedy and tragedy were never mixed. The elements of one genre were never to be interspersed with the performance of another. The use of the chorus, the deus ex machina, and the soliloquy, was prohibited.The Three Unities The concept of the unity of time, place, and action. Unity of time required a reasonable time for th e action of the play to take place usually no more than 24 hours. Unity of place required that the play should include no more than one place or location. Unity of action required that there be no sub plots, secondary plots or counter-plots. both Fold Purpose The two purposes of neoclassical Italian plays were to teach and entertain. OperaOpera is the one form of Italian renaissance theatre that still survives to this day. It was developed in the late 1500s in Florence. Opera was sooner an attempt to recreate a genuine Greek tragedy. Observing the Greek fusion of music and drama, the originators of opera house house attempted, and succeeded in, producing a completely sung dialogue in their interpretations. Opera is a form of drama that creates its mood, actions, and characters finished musicThe first opera on record is called Dafne (1597). The text of the opera was written by, Ottavio Rinuccini (1562 1621). The music was scored by, Jacopo Peri (1561-1633). The opera, which consi sted of a prologue and six scenes, was performed during the pre-Lenten Carnival of Palazzo Corsi.The Camerata Fiorentina, an academy of wealthy Italians who studied ancient Greek and Roman theatre, produced Dafne.The actual textual part of the opera is called the libretto. One, two, three or four performers can sing the librettos these performances are called an aria (solo), a duet, a trio, and a quartet respectively. The visual display (intermezzo), along with musical excellence and strong performances, keep opera alive as a form of powerful dramatic art.Staging, Scenery, and LightingThe use of perspective draft as a means to capture realistic backdrops was a common theme among 16th blow stage designers. The illusion of depth was achieved through perspective drawing techniques using vanishing points as objects appeared closer to the prospect they were painted smaller and smaller on their scenic backdrops. The first use of this technique is believed to have occurred in 1508, for a performance of Ariostos La Cassaria. A leading author and set creator named Sebastion Serlio wrote about this technique and other scene design methods in his book Architettura(1545). Different kinds of illusionistic backdrops settings were developed for the three major types of plays of the era (comic, pastoral, and tragic).A three-sided revolving prism called the periaktoi, was developed to change between different settings. This was quite an innovation for its time, as the scenery could be changed right before the audiences eyes. Other advances included the proscenium frame and front curtain along with varied flying machines (glories) and other special effects.Lighting inside the dark theaters of renaissance Italy to a fault had to be addressed. Oil lamps and candles were the primary source of stage lighting. Though candles and lamps produced some smoke, they were placed in chandeliers and on the front of the stage. Placing translucent receptacles or canisters over them could d im candles when lower light levels were called for. Due to the size and pretermit of sufficient lighting of the theatres, artificial lighting was an ever-present necessity.

English A Language And Literature Essay Example for Free

English A Language And Literature EssayThese notes to examiners are intended only as guidelines to assist marking. They are not wished as an exhaustive and fixed set of responses or approaches to which all answers must rigidly adhere. Good ideas or angles not stretch outed here should be acknowledged and rewarded as appropriate.Similarly, answers which do not include all the ideas or approaches suggested here should be rewarded appropriately. part ACandidates are required to compare a garner from seat Steinbeck to his eldest son Thom with an advice comic strip by Ken Cursoe, some(prenominal) of which explore the virtues (or not) of being in love. An adequate to good analysis will note the commonalities of the two texts, such as Thom and Luke both desire advice about love, the experts opinion about love, male/female distinctions, etc note some of the differences amongst the two texts, such as father / Tiny Sepuku, sincerity / humor, letter / advice column/cartoon, etc com ment on the different text types, noting some characteristics of each. (For example, the letter observes the conventions of the form and responds to a letter on a own(prenominal) level and addresses the issues it raises in a clear and logical fashion. The cartoon, posing as an advice column, opens with a brief letter of two questions answered by Tiny in a tongue-in-cheek fashion through seven vignettes of the first-rate powers that love gives to either the male or female in the relationship) comment on the differences of context as deduced from the times and situations in which the texts were generated and from issues and references made within the texts themselves, such as the vignettes of the cartoon, the implications of the gestures and language of the cartoon characters, as fast as the relationships revealed in the letter and the attitudes expressed by Steinbeck comment on the differences of audience and purpose as deduced from the two text types. A good to excellent analysi s may also consider throw out the differences in the attitudes to love consider more closely the purposes of the writers as viewed through their choice of text types, considering closely the differences between seriousness and humour offer a more in-depth analysis of both the letter and the cartoon, smellclosely at the stylistic features and showing some familiarity with terms appropriate to each offer a more careful consideration of audience and purpose, for example, the original recipient of the letter and, now, the wider audience interested in the life and writings of John Steinbeck, and, for the cartoon, those who follow the comic strip (and write in) or the general worldly concern who are amused by the cartoonists treatment of the subject.4N13/1/AYENG/HP1/ENG/TZ0/XX/MSECTION BCandidates are required to compare the poem Eyepiece by Judith Beveridge with a message from the chawbacon forum Microscope Microscopy as a hobby or profession, which present, respectively, figurativ e and literal views of the world seen through a microscope. An adequate to good analysis will note the commonalities of the two texts the viewing of the world through a microscope, the identification of what is being looked at in each case comment on the two text types exploring some characteristics of each (the blend of personal and scientific comments in the message, as well as the disposition of observation, both general and specific, the use of scientific language, the global nature of the group, etc as opposed to the more svelte qualities of the poem stanzas, lines, enjambment, simile, extended metaphor, alliteration, etc) comment on the view of the world that is offered by these writers and how distinctions between their purposes, contexts and audience regulate their use of language, style and technique offer a recognition of the distinction between literal and figurative. A good to excellent analysis may also offer a more in-depth analysis of both text types, showing how choice of text type influences both the structure and style of the content offer a careful consideration of the world view that is presented in each text sounding at the distinctions between describing an evening as though itwere a vision seen through a microscope compared with the reality of looking at water through a microscope and the impact (such as fascinating, shocked and horrified) on the observer consider more closely the two speaking voices (the scientist and the persona of the poem), how they are characterized and to what effect offer a cogent comparison of the two text types that offers a clear understanding of purpose, context, content and audience.

The Place of Diversity Essay Example for Free

The Place of Diversity EssayThe stipulation Diversity is a dimension that finish be used to antitheticaliate groups and people from angiotensin converting enzyme an opposite. (Bacher, 200) The develop itself has become more frequently used in recent years as the world is root to encompass people with umpteen differences. Diversity covers a range of characteristics and deals with how we accept and deal with how we accept or respect those characteristic. Bucher , 2010)In other words, diversity is just not about ethnicity, race, gender but its ofttimes broader then we actually think but its the otherness or those human qualities that are different from our own and outside the groups, to which we belong, yet present in other individual groups. The specific characteristic or trouts that difference people or groups are referred to as the dimensions of diversity (Bucher, 2010). As one recognizes the many dimensions of diversity, it is important to note that not all of the dimen sions are visible. Many all of the dimensions are visible.Many of our dimensions that sterilise us different are considered inscrutable because they are not apparent by working at a person. Also, some dimensions may be a persons race, gender, or ethnicity (Bacher, 2010). Sometimes unnoticeable dimensions can include non- physical traits such as social class, religion, level of education, internal orientation, and religion, level of education, sexual orientation, or marital status. We can recognize that diversity can have different meanings we must in any case recognize that people will have their own dimensions of diversity, whether visible or hidden.My Place for Diversity multimedia Review I completed and viewed the visiblenesss and observe the Characteristics of the people in the multimedia. I recognize how there can be preconceived ideas of how a person will look if they contain certain dimensions. As I completed the profile, I reviewed Tammy. Reading the non- observable ch aracteristic. I used my own stereotype and prejudices to attempt to experience which person would match the given description, I was wrong. The method I used to determine who fit the profile could be considered visible dimension.I only can conceive what I see not what is hidden my visible dimension maybe consider optimism. The profile describe this person being born in syracaur, NY, they lived in an upscale suburb. These people graduated at the age of 17, then went to college out of state and chit-chat her family during the summer breaks she is 5ft 3 in tall with few gray hairs. Next, I ruled out the other woman because their description didnt fit in my mind to the non- observable characteristic. Why? While one lady looked as if she was upscale by her dressed appearance and long dark hair view in a office seat.Actually, after I read the observable characteristic, then I observe that Tammy did fit the visible dimension because of her work baggage on her work uniform. Also she had supply on that made her look professional. Most hidden dimension can be over looked by just judging the outer appearance whether then accepting the person and respect their uniqueness. When you see many different sides of other cultures, you are now being well-versed, and can make sensible assessments about others.

Hager Shipley in The Stone Angel Essay Example for Free

Hager Shipley in The Stone Angel EssayIn Margaret Laurences novel, The Stone Angel, Hagar Shipley is the main character. Born the daughter of Jason Currie, she is one who possesses undreamt depth in character. Mingling past and present, we observe the very qualities, which sustained her and deprived her of joy much(prenominal) as her lack of emotional expression. As well, inheriting her fathers harsh qualities, she exhibited pride that detested weakness in either form. Despite of her negative attri just nowes she excessively displayed a substantiative mannerism through courage. Thus, Hagar is a cold, scarcely strong forgeted woman. Such qualities give us a portrait of a remarkable character. Hagars most broad characteristic was her lack of feeling and emotion.Indeed there where m both situations where she could not physic solelyy express what she matte in her heart. She did not cry at the death of her son John. That night she was transformed to stone and neer wept at a ll (Laurence 243). During Marvins childhood, she would impatiently dismiss him due to his slowness of speech. Once when an ecstatic Marvin told Hagar that he perfect his chores, Hagar bluntly sends him away saying, I can see youve finished. Ive got eyes. Get along now (Laurence 112). Even as a child she was lacked emotion when she could not provide comfort to her dying brother, Daniel. Daniel needed the comfort of his mother, but for Hagar, to play at being her it was beyond me (Laurence 25). Indeed, Hagars deficiency in feeling or expressing emotion was a visible characteristic throughout the novel.As a result of her upbringing, Hagar possesses pride that despises weakness in any form. As a upstart girl she displayed this trait when her dad slapped her hand, I wouldnt let him see me cry, I was so enraged (Laurence 9). As previously mentioned before, Hagar could not portray her mother to comfort her dying brother. She characterized her mother as the woman Dan was said to resembl e so much and from whom hed inherited a frailty I could not help but detest (Laurence 25). When Hagar brought upon the subject of marriage with Bram Shipley to her father he made it absolved that theres not a decent girl in this town would wed without her familys consent (Laurence 49). Hagar rebelliously responded, It will be done by me (Laurence 49) and eventually marries Bram. Thus, throughout the novel, Hagars attribute of scornful pride is evidently exhibited.In contrast to her negative character, Hagar exhibits a great deal of courage. Following Hagars marriage to Bram, she immediately faced the earthly concern of the life. The next day Hagar cleaned the house inside out. I had never scrubbed a floor in my life, but I worked that day as though Id been driven by a whip (Laurence 52). Hagar also had the courage to leave Bram for the sake of her childrens future. Physically, Hagar did not lack courage. At the age of 90, Hagar was able to painfully populate her journey to Shadow Point. Thus, her courageous character classifies her as a strong willed woman.Theres no question that Hagar, young or old, is a cold yet courageous woman. She was deficient in physically expressing her feelings and emotions. She also feature an unbending pride, which despised weakness in any form. However, despite of her negative attributes she still exhibits a positive aspect through her courage. Hagars character has such immense depth. She may not be perfect save she is unique.Important Note If youd like to save a copy of the paper on your computer, you can duplicate and PASTE it into your word processor. Please, follow these steps to do that in Windows1. Select the text of the paper with the creep and press Ctrl+C.2. Open your word processor and press Ctrl+V.Companys Liability123HelpMe.com (the sack Site) is produced by the Company. The contents of this Web Site, such as text, graphics, images, audio, video and all other material ( satisfying), are protected by copyright u nder both United States and foreign laws. The Company makes no representations about the accuracy, reliability, completeness, or patness of the Material or about the results to be obtained from using the Material. You expressly agree that any use of the Material is only if at your own risk. Most of the Material on the Web Site is provided and maintained by triplet parties. This third political partyMaterial may not be screened by the Company prior to its cellular inclusion on the Web Site. You expressly agree that the Company is not liable or responsible for any defamatory, offensive, or illegal conduct of other subscribers or third parties.The Materials are provided on an as-is basis without guarantee express or implied. 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Console games vs Pc games Essay Example for Free

Console games vs Pc games EssayLets start with the solaces themselves. Maybe youve heard it before, but some multitude say PC-gaming is dying. Can PC games point compete with Console games? Gamers have never been so spoiled for choice. While the console vs. PC war has been around for ages, consoles today have bridged the gap by finally providing decent multi stageer capabilities. Is this the end of the PC as the dominant gaming machine? Gaming has been around for a long time. It is serious business nowadays. With a host of companies creating everything from award-winning games to those collaborating with businesses on workforce training and development, the ara is poised for continued achievement. And we are creating this success by buying all changes of games. So what is the difference between the total price of playing games on a console or on a PC? While it is possible to get a PC at approximately the same address of a console, it would be such a mere(a) down versio n that it wouldnt be able to play the latest games. Consoles such as the Nintendo Wii, PS3 and Xbox360 belt up poke out the best price in terms of gaming power.Even if you buy a 800 pounds PC, it would only be able to play the latest games for about three years. If you look only at the three biggest consoles, the Nintendo Wii is the cheapest console, beginning at about 180 pounds. The Xbox 360 will cost you about 200 pounds and a Playstation 3 about 250 pounds. Certainly the Xbox 360 and the PS3 would be able to play the latest games for many more years. Well, there actually is a way to expand the time you house play games on your PC, but it will only cost you more money. A PC has the availability to upgrade. For example, you can change the graphics card for a newer one.This is the to the highest degree important part of a PC for playing games. This will not cost you as a great deal as buying a total new PC, but in total it will still be way more talkative than a console. Bu t one thing is cheaper for the PC-gamers in compare to for example Xbox 360-gamers and that is that you have to pay to play online multiplayer games on a Xbox. In most situations this will be free for a PC game. So maybe you are asking now if there are any more advances of playing games on a PC instead of a console. Of course there are. There are still way more games available for the PC than for consoles.On a PC with windows as operating system, you can play like almost every game that exist for windows, even older versions of windows. But on a console you probably cant play anterior generation games. When for example the first PS3 was announced it actually could play PS2 games, but Sony removed this option kinda quick. An opposite reason to play games on a PC is that if you have a very expansive PC it can probably play games with better graphics, but at that point you are peculiar(a) to the games that are already playable. Future games will probably need a better pc to play it on full resolution.A PC is also the only option for playing big online games where thousands of people can meet each other online, like World of Warcraft. This just isnt possible (yet) on consoles. Youre choice for playing games on a console or a PC can also depent on the controller. Whereas you play with the traditional keyboard and mouse on a PC, you can play with other kinds of controllers on consoles. The Wii is the best example of that with the motion sensitive Wii remote. There is also a different kind of consoles for playing on the road. These are called handhelds and arent very powerfull, but their advantage is their portability.

The game of volleyball Essay Example for Free

The gamey of volley wrap EssayThe object of the game of Volley glob is for each(prenominal) group to send the lout regularly all over the exculpate to ground it on the hostiles court, and to prevent the lummox from being grounded on its own court. Basic Out origin of carry The biddinger on the back right maculation serves the testicle by hitting it over the net to the opponents court. A squad is not allowed to hit the clump three times in attempt to return the ball to the opponents court. A player is not allowed to hit the ball twice consecutively, unless attempting to block the ball. The rally continues until the ball hits the ground/floor, goes forbidden of bounds or a aggroup fails to return it to the opponents court or commits a fault. Scoring SystemsThe best of three or five games will win the gibe. The squad that scores 25 commoves first with a minimum two-point proceeds wins a game. If there is a decision making game, that game will be won by the agg roup that first scores 15 points with a minimum two-point advantage. Side out Scoring Side out scoring is another way to score a Volleyball match.The police squad serving is the save team that can score a point, except in the deciding game when rally-point scoring system is used. When the receiving team wins a rally, they gain the right to serve but do not gain a point and its players rotate one position clockwise. Rotation ensures that players play at both the net and the back partition of the court. A team wins a game by scoring 15 points with a two-point advantage. Further, they win the match by winning the best of three or five games. In the event of a 16-16 tie, the team that scores the 17th point wins a non-deciding game with only a one-point advantage. In a deciding game there is not point cap.The Basic Rules and Regulations of Volleyball ========================================== ==== The Serve ( A ) Server must serve from behind the restraining bend (end line)(refer to court diagram) until after contact. ( B ) nut case may be served surreptitious or overhand. ( C ) Ball must be clearly visible to opponents before serve. ( D ) Served ball must clear the net without touching the net. Failure results in a side out. ( E ) original game serve is determined by a volley, each subsequent game shall be served by the previous game loser.( F ) Serve must be returned by a bump (dig) only. No setting or attacking a serve. A. a server must serve from behind the restraining line until after contact. B. The ball may be served underhanded or overhanded. C. The ball must be clearly visible to opponents before serve. D. Served ball must clear the net without touching the net. Failure results in a side out. E. A volley determines first game serve, the previous game loser shall serve each subsequent game. F. The serve must be returned by a bump only. No setting or attacking a serve. Rotation.( A ) Team will rotate each time they win the serve. ( B ) Players sha ll rotate in a clockwise manner. ( C ) There shall be 4-6 players on each side. compete the Game (Volley) - ( A ) Maximum of three hits per side. ( B ) Player may not hit the ball twice in succession ( A block is not considered a hit ). ( C ) Ball may be played off the net except on serve. ( D ) A ball touching a boundary line is good. ( E ) A legal hit is contact with the ball by a player body above and including the waist which does not allow the ball to visibly come to a rest.( F ) If two or more players contact the ball simultaneously, it is considered one play and the players involved may not participate in the next play. ( G ) A player must not block or attack a serve. ( H ) Switching positions will be allowed only between front line players. (After the serve only). Basic Violations - ( A ) Stepping on or over the line on a serve. ( B ) Failure to serve the ball over the net successfully. ( C ) smash the ball illegally (Carrying, Palming, Th courseing, etc. ). ( D ) Touches of the net with any part of the body while the ball is in play.If the ball is driven into the net with such force that it causes the net to contact an opposing player, no foul will be called, and the ball shall continue to be in play. ( E ) Reaching over the net, except under these conditions 1 When executing a follow-through. 2 When blocking a ball which is in the opponents court but is being returned (the blocker must not contact the ball until after the opponent who is attempting to return the ball makes contact).Except to block the third play. ( F ) Reaches under the net (if it interferes with the ball or opposing player). ( G ) Failure to serve in the correct order. ( H ) Blocks or spikes from a position which is clearly not behind the 10-foot line (refer to court diagram) while in a back row position. The Court Playing Area Both indoor and outdoor courts are 18 m x 9mi (296 x 59). Indoor courts also include an attack area designated by a line 3 m (910) back from the center line. Lines on the court are 5cm (2 wide). Net Height Net line of longitude for men, co-ed mixed 6, outdoor is 2. 43 meters or 711-5/8. Net height for women, 74-1/8.The height of the net shall be 8. Ball The ball weighs between 9 and 10 ounces. Ball pressure is between 4. 5 and 6. 0 pounds Observation and Analysis For an analysis of the volleyball sport, we observed a 2 minute clip of a volleyball game between the red and green team. The 2 minute period revolved nearly the service of a player from the red team (6 serves were successfully executed before the opposition went for the shovel in which resulted in a side out). I observed each serve and detailed the plays of each team (red and green) for that particular serve.

The Blood Circulatory System Essay Example for Free

The Blood Circulatory System EssayThe Circulatory governing body is a carcass in the bodies of all organisms that moves the nutrients that are needed as well as gases and wastes to and from cells and helps fight unwanted bacteria and some other diseases. It also helps alleviate the body temperature to maintain homeostasis, which is the property of either an open system or a closed system in a living organism. It brings the bodys cells what they need in fix up to survive oxygen and nutrients.The center of the circulatory system, also know as the cardiovascular system, is the means. The shopping mall is hotshot of the main comp mavinnts in this system. The essence pumps oxygenated filiation and the tubes, also known as demarcation vessels, carries the oxygenated blood to each cell in the body and is then returned to the nerve centre as deoxygenated blood. The main components of the human circulatory system are the centerfield, the blood, the blood vessels, and the pl atelets. The hearts job is to pump blood and keep the blood paltry throughout your entire body.thithers a thick layer of muscle called myocardium that contract and hang out blood. In the heart, there is the atrium the part that receives the blood and the ventricle, which pumps blood out of the heart. on that point are quatern chambers in total left atrium, left ventricle, right atrium, and right ventricle. The left-hand side of the heart pumps blood from the lungs to the rest of your body. This is known as the systemic circulation. The right-hand side pumps blood from the heart to the lungs and this is known as the pulmonary circulation.Blood is the fluid that constantly flows throughout our bodies. The blood carries nutrients, water, oxygen, and waste products to and from the body cells. There are two types of blood cells the red blood cell which is responsible for transporting oxygen and carbon dioxide and the purity blood cell which helps the body fight off and attack ger ms, foreign substances, and unwanted bacteria. The heart pumps blood through the blood vessels. The blood vessels lead away from the heart and enter the tissues, then return to the heart.There are three types of blood vessels. The first are the arteries which are large vessels that carry blood from the heart to the tissues. Arteries then branch into smaller and smaller vessels, ultimately becoming capillaries. Capillaries (smallest of the blood vessels) bring nutrients and oxygen to the tissues and cream up carbon dioxide and other waste products. Capillaries then merge to radiation diagram larger vessels, called venules, which merge to form even larger vessels called veins. The veins return blood to the heart.Because we only want blood to run in one direction, veins have valves, which ensure that the blood keeps moving in the direction we want it to, towards the heart. Platelets are cells that help distributor point the bleeding when an organism, usually humans, receives a cut o r a wound anywhere on their body. Platelets stick to the opening of the damaged blood vessels. As they stick to the opening, more platelets, fibers and other blood cells will flow and help heal the broken blood vessel. Some chemicals found in blood are hemoglobin and plasma.Hemoglobin is the chemical substance in the red cells that is involved in the transport of oxygen. Plasma is the smooth part of the blood, in which the blood cells are suspended. Approximately half of your blood is made of plasma. The plasma carries the blood cells and other components throughout the body. Diseases in the circulatory system include the cardiovascular disease which refers to the divisions of diseases that involve the heart or the blood vessels arteries and veins and the congenital heart defect which is a defect in the structure of the heart and vessels of a newborn baby.Most heart defects either barricade the blood flow in the heart or vessels or cause to flow through the heart in an abnormal p attern. Other diseases or disorders are high blood pressure, heart attack, and stroke. Like most other disorders, it is easier to prevent than cure cardiovascular (heart and blood vessel) disorders. It is of extreme importance that the circulatory system is kept healthy. In order to keep this system healthy, it is best to exercise daily and maintain a healthy diet that does not consist of in any case much cholesterol and fatty foods such as junk food and fast food.

Unseen Forces That Pushed A Couple To Trouble Essay Example for Free

Unseen Forces That Pushed A Couple To Trouble EssayA someones fate is not only said to subscribe been the result of ones decisions in life but on a larger perspective, resulted from the influences of societal forces. Social forces ar shaped by human interaction and exact a direct effect on life chances and life experiences. (Conyers, J. L. ) much(prenominal) is the case of a couple, named Ted and Zelda. There are several societal forces Ive seen in this case and among them are societal structure, body of work opportunity, nurture, the health guard, and the criminal justice system. The first social problem is Ted and Zeldas place in society, which is their social structure.They both belong to the working class, which is the middle class, neither rich nor poor. I viewed this as a social problem, because it influenced Ted and Zeldas decision to blend doctors one day. It is, indeed, very dearly-won to pursue medicine and it became the dream of the couple. Since it is a s tandard for a middle class couple to pursue medicine, it will be a shame if they cant pursue that course. They have to pursue it no matter what. The succeeding(prenominal) social problem Ive seen is the education system. This social problem has been the most prominent all end-to-end because it greatly affected them in many ways.First, due to the medical courses very expensive tutorship fee, they were compelled to use up their savings after using up the maximum amount for bookman loans. Probably the reason why their student loans were used up was due to the fact that their present tuition fees kept increasing and they have to pay for it. They are very fortunate, though, that they have the privilege to get student loans to help them with their tuition fees, because other countries dont have that option. Ted was accepted in three medical schools, while Zelda didnt. The education standard was forcing Zelda to take up nursing instead.Being a female she is, the education system convin ced her that she would be better off as a nurse because since she will be a wife and a mother some day. The next social problem is the employment opportunity. When Ted lost his job, it became a huge obstacle for him to pursue medicine. This obligate Zelda to seek a job in revision to help Ted. Remember that Zelda is not a college graduate, so that means that her chances of getting a higher(prenominal) lock are poor. Whatever shes earning from her job wasnt enough to help Ted. This lack of greater employment opportunity due to outsourcing led the couple to discouragement.Isnt it true that when you feel like the world is crushing you, you will tend to seek comfort somewhere? Well, where do you think Ted and Zelda will gather their effect to move on? Of course, they get the comfort from each other. Since both of them are unemployed, they dont have anything to focus on except themselves. They got more time for each other, thus, more time to have sex. Zelda, of course, lastly got fraught(p). This led to another social problem. There was a great stigma to society for her to become pregnant out of wedlock. Instead of getting more help or support from her family, she was disowned.This probably had emotionally hag-ridden Zelda a lot when she was pregnant, which could explain complications in childbirth. Healthcare played a vital role to Ted and Zeldas life. The complications of birth led them to get huge bills from the hospital. Since Ted and Zeldas employment doesnt cover health insurance, this forced Zelda to look for a second job, and eventually led the couple to seek somebody who could take care of their baby. Their baby mysteriously died. Finally, the last social problem they encountered was the criminal justice system. Ted was incarcerated for the assault which led him to become unemployed again.The stigma of this event had greatly affected both their opportunities to get jobs, therefore, in great despair Zelda chose to commit suicide instead. Things wil l be different if these social problems werent present. If Zelda was accepted into medical school, she wouldve had higher hopes and wouldve pursued it well. On employment opportunity, if Teds employer didnt outsource, then Ted will still have a job enough to pursue his studies and will eventually prevent Zelda from becoming pregnant. Zelda wont have to be disowned, and the couple wouldve been doctors one day. Conclusively, social factors indeed affect anybodys decisions.It should not be fiendish alone on the individual on whatever happens to his life. Family support and great understanding plays a commodity role in order to prevent social problems occurring from one stage to another.Works CitedConyers, J. L. 2003. Afrocentricity and the Economy. Jefferson North Carolina. McFarland Company, Inc. p. 28. October 11, 2008 http//books. google. com/books? id=pDE4LXoIcP8Cpg=PA28lpg=PA28dq=social+forces+and+life+chancessource=webots=954jbjCFPAsig=-UlWUATNeIcpp55RjFCHb4oWlW0hl=ensa=Xoi=b ook_resultresnum=6ct=resulthttp//www. youtube. com/watch? v=139NEANvig4feature=related.

Impacts of Knife Crime

Impacts of Knife CrimeBritain is in the grip of a poke detestation epidemic. This is the impression one gets from the media e really week seems to bring new stories of stabbing and murder among metropolis youth. But why ar these four-year-oldsters salty in such activity? This quote suggests that youngish multitude who carry knives do so security measures, stead and peer pressure. The media also plays a part by reinforcing the com military capability that everyone else is carrying a weapon. Fin bothy, the quote claims soci wholey excluded young people from dysfunctional families be more possible to work knives. The introductory part this essay allow first give an overview of the noticeling approach and social construction speculation, it leave behind then go on to consider whether young people are in fact engaging in dig crime beca lend oneself of the above reasons, or whether it is only if a consequence of the tailling process.The dogling guess devotes dimin ished effort in explaining why certain personists begin to lock outdoor(a) in aberrance. Rather, it stresses the importance of the process through with(predicate) which lodge defines acts as deviant and the role of negative social reactions in influencing individuals to engage in sequent acts. The labelling theorists shift their attention away from individuals and their actions and toward the dynamic of social definition that particular acts or actors are deviant.The first labelling theorist was Frank Tannenbaum (1938), he suggested the mortal who is denominate, subsequently becomes the thing he is macrocosm described as. Whether that label be given by those who would punish, or by those who would reform. In either case the emphasis is upon the postulate that is being disapproved of. The harder the pitiful justice system works to reform the evil, the greater the evil bequeath engender and the harder it will become to suppress the bad behaviour. He claimed the way out was through a refusal to lose ones temper the evil. The less said about it the better. The more said about something else, still better.Taylor et all (1973) reinforced the labelling theory by suggesting that the way a stop will be put to deviant behaviour is to ca-ca a society in which the facts of human diversity, whether personal, organic or social, are not subjected to the great power to criminalize.Sociologist Haword Becker(1963), prize deviance is not a quality that lies in the behaviour itself but in the interaction amid the person who commits an act, and those who respond to it. A good way to demonstrate this point is by referring to the study of opiate useby the sociologist Alfred Ray Lindesmith, his findings demonstrated how a person becomes aware of their addiction. In essence it is not the drug that makes the person an addict, the addiction is a result of social definition. When others label them as addicts, then the person in like manner comes to define himself as an addict. In other words behaviour is not inherently deviant or prevalent but is defined and designate that way. So how does the labelling process work?Erikson (1975), the founder of the labelling theory, describes two of import stages to the labelling process. The first stage involves primary deviance, which is the initial criminal act, after which a person may be labelled as deviant or criminal, but does not yet accept this role. So the person does not view himself as a criminal. It is this lack of viewing that separates primary deviance from the next stage, jiffy deviance.Secondary deviance involves a status degradation ceremony This begins by a formal resistance between the deviant and the officials, as in the criminal trial this is then followed by an announcement of the verdict, and be the deviant is assigned with a special role, like a prisoner which redefines his position in society. jibe to Tannenbaum (1938), formal proceedings signify the dramatization of evil, whereby the act is publically announced and defined as im good. intelligence agency of the formal sanction will then spread across the community leading to others also labelling him as deviant. The individual finally accepts the criminal label their self concept is changed from normal to deviant. According to Lemert, This becomes a symbolize of defence, attack, or adaption to the problems caused by societal reaction to primary deviation.This process contribute also take level in a more subtle fashion as well. For modelling, the family of deviant may become recluse and distance themselves from him in disappointment, regardless of whether a formal charge has occurred.Accordingly, the labelling theory suggests if the individual accepts this negative criminal label that has been applied, they are then more believably to continue engaging in the behaviour that the label was initially meant to control. In other words the label leads the deviant individual to follow a self-fulfillin g foretelling conforming to ascribed label, causing them to lead deviant careers.For example, if a person is caught carrying a injure, but is not get the picture or labelled as deviant, that person is more probable to forgo such behaviour in the future. However, if the person is apprehended and labelled as a criminal, then the person is subsequently more likely to change his identity as a rest of the exclusion felt by the individual from normal routines or conventional opportunities, and increased contact with the deviant groups.Having explained the theory, this essay will straightway interlink the labelling theory with the quote. The quote itself suggests most young people carry knives for cheerion, status and peer pressure. The perceived take aim for protection is compounded by the sense, reinforced by the media coverage of stabbings, that everyone is carrying a weapon, as well as generate of victimisation. In terms of socially excluded young people from dysfunctional famil ies are more likely to engage in knife use.For young people, the transition from childhood to mature croupe be rather confusing, their adult identity is not yet developed and so they often become bewildered as to their avow position within society. George Herbert Mead claimed an individual develops a sense of self through how others perceive them, he coined this as the looking glass self. He suggested as children develop, they become more aware of their own social position and others around them, and subsequently become concerned about the demands and expectations of others and of the voluminousger society. To demonstrate this point, he used a basketball game as an example, to sharpen children, like basketball players, must take into account the roles of all players, as well as consider their own role.8This symbolic interaction to the study of deviance focuses on the process by which the wider social audience creates deviance and deviants by defining the acts and actors that wa y. The problem with defining young people as either knife carriers or knife users is that the term knife crime encompasses a very broad range of offences, and makes no distinguish between actual carrying and using. furthermore, knife crime statistics are equally as difficult to quantify due to lack of clarity. The offences recorded involve sharp instruments these efficacy actually refer to screwdrivers, small bottles or glass, not a knife. Similarly offences listed as threatening some other person with a weapon might involve sticks, rocks or other objects as well as knives. Furthermore certain types of knife may be carried legally if the carrier has a good reason, for example if it is work related, or for religion purposes. So at that place is some confusion as to who should be labelled when the definition itself is so broad, a recognizeer definition is required in order to prevent sensationalised use of the term.If deviance is therefore just a label, where does the label come from? And how does the label come to be applied to special(prenominal) behaviour and particular individuals? According to the sociologist Howard Becker(1963), moral entrepreneurs are often ones who create the rules about what constitutes deviant or conventional behaviour.He believes that moral entrepreneurs use their own perspectives on what they believe is right hand or hurt to establish the rules by which they expect the rest of society to live, usually for their own political agendas. Furthermore, it has been suggested that these rules as to what is right or wrong are not randomly distributed across the social structure, but are preferably more likely to apply to the powerless, the disadvantaged, and the poor. Because of existing stereotypes, which portray criminals as members of lower classes, minorities, urban dwellers, and young adults, individuals who extend to such groups are more likely than others to be labelled creaky.So the labelling process is a clear case of dou ble standard, one rule for the rich and one for the poor. A perfect example to show this inadequacy is the recent MP expense row, those in power were stealing from the rest of society, yet their power enabled them to put the issues of youth violence, weapon use and gangs at the fore front, sending out sensationalised messages of a broken societyto exploit their own agendas. So the crime of the powerful is somewhat ignored by unfirm societies focus on crimes of the middle and lower class.So is the quote correct in assuming knife users are generally from dysfunctional families? A dysfunctional family is one who has very few values or discipline within the household. An interesting theory to incorporate here is the control theory this is concerned not with why people commit crime, but why so m some(prenominal) refrain from doing so. It suggests those children who grow up with parents who exercise fair and consistent discipline are less likely to offend, and more likely to quell commi tted to conventional definitions of right or wrong behaviour. Those children who typically engage in knife crime or any other crime for that matter are said to come from broken homes, where they lose not experienced love or care. Linking this back to the labelling theory, which suggests the powerless, low class are more likely to lead deviant careers, because they lack bonds with society and law. Subsequently, young people who have dysfunctional families within these communities will more likely conform to stereotypes they face. More so, if their parents informally label them as deviant which is very likely in cases of minorities from lower class because they engage in more objective deviance.This appraisal from the parent will influence their further delinquency.The quote also suggests the mass media also plays a part in ones decision to carry a knife, but is this true? Does the medias public labelling have an impact on a young persons decision to carry a knife around for protect ion? The media is one of the most persuasive features of society. The messages and discipline society receives through the media plays a huge impact on influencing their opinions and understanding. It sends out an image of the world as unrealistically clear-cut and understandable.The media messages are in fact cleverly selected and edited, in order to offer diagnosable values, interest and normative expectations. Stanley Cohen researched the social reaction of the Mods and Rockers disturbance in 1964 he claimed the media created a moral panic by labelling them as folk devils and exaggeration the initial events.The original incident simply became an luck to exploit and enhance the social status of the moral entrepreneurs.In terms of knife crime or any other crime for that matter, the media is able to cultivate in their audience a belief that the larger social environment is dangerous and frightening, for example, when the mail screams that Shock figures reveal no part of Britain is safe as knife violence spreads everywhere, Thugs committing 350 knife assaults EVERYDAY, as blade menace spreads to rural areas, Britain on alert for acid new knife with exploding tip that freezes victims organs, these are just a few examples to demonstrate the medias exaggeration. In the last headline, the knife was only sold in America, designed to kill sharks and bears, so no risk was being posed in Britain. But these types of sensationalised reports enhance social control, because the frightened audience are well manipulated and easily accept what the media presents, and knife crime becomes wider and threatening then it actually is.The media has its good elements too it helps raise knife crime awareness and also brings to the forefront campaigns against knife crime. The bad news is that the huge publicity abandoned to raising awareness has the preserve effect of normalising it. The crime reduction charity Nacro, for example, argued the suggestion that it is in any sense the norm to carry weapons is likely to increase the piece of young people who do so, simply because they fear attack and wish to have the means to protect and defend themselves.Furthermore the Mothers against Murder and trespass Wales found the way knife crime is portrayed in the news gives out the message that all teenagers are armed, which is a frightening concept, Almost everyone carrying a knife does so because they feel they have to protect themselves as everyone else is doing so.So the media, like the labelling theory, labels certain groups of people, in this case young people, without any proper justification. Furthermore headlines such as war on young thugs contributes to the concept that for some young people there is a war being waged against them and they be fighting back.Furthermore the negative connotations of youths, when the vast majority are law-abiding, give the gate add their sense of being under attack. As a consequence these labelled youths may begin to believe st ereotypical beliefs surrounding them, or they may think that these beliefs exist based on their learned perception of what people think about criminals fearing rejection, they may withdraw from interaction with conventional peers.Goffman (1963) suggests labelling can cause the interaction between normal people and stigmatized youth to be uneasy and embarrassing. These awkward experiences are felt by those who bear the stigma as well as those who do not. According to Goffman (1963 the very anticipation of such contacts can lead normals and the stigmatized to arrange life so as to vacate them. and then non labelled adolescents and labelled adolescents may tend to avoid one another in order to avoid uncomfortable interaction dynamics.Feeling isolated from the mainstream of society, and being locked within their deviant role, they may seek others in like manner labelled to form deviant subcultures.The deviant subculture will represent a source of social choke off in which deviant ac tivities are accepted. A social shelter will be provided by the subculture away from those who react negatively towards the deviant status it will offer alternative values, habits, interests and attitudes. So if an individual is labelled as deviant from society, then that labelled person is increasingly likely to become involved in social groups that consist of social deviants and unconventional others.Tannenbaum and Becker highlight the role of deviant networks in explaining how public labelling can increase the likelihood of deviance. A final step in the career of a deviant is run into an organised deviant group. The deviant group provides opportunities that encourage, support and facilitate deviant behaviour. These deviant subcultures are make up of leaders and followers, solidarity of intention, clarity of purpose. These characteristics may seem positive in an adult world, even required for achieving adult identity and self esteem. However this hierarchy proves to be negative in terms of delinquent groups. Those at the top of the hierarchy, the leaders are often given a prestige status, one which would not be given in the mainstream society.With regards to knife crime, these leaders of the gangs side step the risk of being caught carrying a knife, by pressuring the younger member of the gangs to carry them, some as young as seven, this is often referred to as golf caddy. This often leads to an arm race among young people who feel increasingly threatened by peers carrying blades and so carry knives to protect themselves. So as the quote suggested, protection is rightfully a number one motive for knife carriers. Furthermore, young people will carry knives, out of respect, maybe exhausting to make a name for themselves on the street and gain respect,so the status which they lack from mainstream society is obtainable within the subculture,To conclude, having gone through the factors within the quote, it seemingly appears that the quote is incorrect. The fac tors listed within the quote are simply all a consequence of the labelling theory. Society itself is quick to judge and put a label on everything, it was not so long so ago when gun crime was the cause of concern, and now it is knife crime. The term knife crime itself needs a clearer definition, so a distinction can be made between knife use and knife carrying. Furthermore, those who enjoy the power to label need to put an end to class biasness, as the powerless appear disproportionately in official statistics on deviance, which gives an inaccurate account of knife crime. Moving on to the factors themselves, status is something young people crave in order to develop their own adult identity. Once officially labelled through a status degradation ceremonythe individuals criminal status becomes their master status. The peer pressure elements falls into the equation once the individual has united with deviant subcultures, as peer pressure is part of the gang culture. The media also play s a big part, by publically labelling certain subcultures as delinquent. So all the factors form one vicious circle, which an individual will have to go through once labelled, This could be avoided, if the courts refused to dramatise the evil by implementing a system whereby minor crimes would not involve formal sentencing and the status degradation ceremony that goes with it. Instead a rehabilitative therapy and out of court settlement could be introduced in order to give young offenders the chance to reform and integrate back into society, not excluding them further.

Capm And Fama French Three Factor Model Finance Essay

Capm And Fama French Three Factor instance Finance EssayShortly afterward the ground-breaking work of Markowitz on modern portfolio theory (1952) a new branch in Finance certain trying to let off the expected overtake on any financial summation. Soon the stumper with in all likelihood largest impact on the financial industry was born, the crownwork Asset Pricing Model. Even after many an(prenominal) contrary studies questioning the validity of the model, it is still the most used by practiti matchlessrs. A lot of a nonher(prenominal) models were subsequently developed on the same(p) reasoning. Fama French Three-Factor Model is considered one of the most promising and consistent.We turn up this paper briefly explaining the CAPM and its short-changecomings. On those grounds, we explain the Fama French model. Then, we test both models in US selective information from 1967 till now. Different portfolios were used, testing for the impact of size, book-to- trade ratios, and the specific industry.We end up drawing conclusions on the results found.CAPMThe Capital Asset Pricing Model (henceforth CAPM) has a very curious history, be built independently by Jack Treynor (1965), William Sharpe (1964), John Lintner (1965) and Jan Mossin (1966), all in the same time span of the early sixties. This work was base on the earlier revolutionary theory of Markowitz and also on Tobins Separation Theorem.The CAPM has several strong assumptions transmitted from the said projects of mean variance efficiency that essentially create a perfect market environment. Investors ar rational and put on the line averse, mountain borrow and lend unlimited amounts at the risk-free rate and curb homogenous expectations and information about all assets returns. There be no taxes, inflation, transaction costs, no short selling restrictions and all assets argon infinitely divisible and perfectly liquid.The assumptions constrain the setting for the CAPM world. They set a stage t hat solo non-diversifiable risks are rewarded with extra returns, and since each additional asset introduced into a portfolio further diversifies the portfolio, the trump out portfolio must map every asset with each asset apprise-weighted. All such optimal portfolios comprise the high gear-octane frontier. This makes the expected return of any asset or portfolio to vary linearly with the returns of the market portfolio, agree to the fol showtimeing formulaBeta is the key measure as it gives the sensitivity of the extra returns of an asset or portfolio compared to the excess returns of the market portfolio. Since the unsystematic risk is diversifiable, the risk of a portfolio can be viewed as beta.The CAPM is best described by Sharpe (1988) as a simple, yet powerful description of the relationship between risk and return in an efficient market. This is a very intuitive thought process. The level of returns one expects to vex is directly related to the exposure to market vo latility. Stock specific error is diversified away when choosing the efficient portfolio, and as such the only source of return comes from choosing the relation your portfolio has with the market.The CAPM is so Copernican that the standard difference of opinion of a product line return no longer was the normally used risk measure, but kinda its relation to the market returns. It is also the piece one tool to find discount rates for lodge valuation and for portfolio management. However it has non been free of criticism.CAPM criticismAfter it was proposed, empirical tests were executed normally rails the following atavismWhere a proxy of excess market returns is used and regressed against a certain asset return. The Alpha of the regression indicates the excess return (either positive or negative) that is not explained by the CAPM. According to CAPM, as the correlation with market should completely explain its return, the apha of the previous regression should be 0.First of al l, the use of a market proxy leads to Richard Rolls critique (1976). It is quite simple but revealing and it simply states the CAPM can never be tested as the exact composition of the market portfolio is not known. All proxies used force be mean variance efficient but the market might not, leading to all tests being inherently biased. Besides, the interpretation of Beta using market proxies leads to relative measures of risk, as the Beta obtained depends on the market proxy used.Besides Rolls opinion on the theory, a number of anomalies were found on the model. Characteristics such as size, earnings/price, Cash flow/price, book-to-market-equity, past sales growth had effects on average returns of stocks. These are called anomalies as they are not explained by CAPM, leading to the idea that risk is multidimensional and as such the CAPM is fundamentally wrong in its core conclusion.Eugene Fama and Kenneth French (1996) made the greatest stride, when stating that anomaly versatiles i nclude a risk premium contained in the characteristics of these variables. These anomalies are mainly divided by two main circumstanceors. Size, which they explain theoretically, and relative distress, passing through the E/P and book to market as measures.Fama French Three-Factor ModelEugene Fama and Kenneth French since expanded the CAPM to the Fama-French (FF) tri- chemical element model (1992), which adds two variables to exhaust hoodital letterture the cross-sectional variation in average stock returns associated with market Beta, size, leverage, book to market and earnings-price ratio. This creates the following model, which can be transformed intoWhere the factors added to the CAPM are the SMB (Small electronegative Big), a measure of the historic excess return of puny caps everyplace full-grown caps, and HML (High minus Low), the same difference for returns of value stocks over growth stocks. This model is not as widely used as the CAPM, but we will test empirically if it behaves better than the original one-factor model.MethodologyAfter introducing the theoretical bases of these models, we will explain the methodology we used on our tests. We used data from Kenneth Frenchs website, consisting of market excess returns from NYSE, AMEX, and NASDAQ firms and the values of returns from all those companies divided into size and book to market quintiles and also divided into five sections of industries Consumer Goods, Manufacturing (energy and utilities), High-tech, health care and Service industry. The data is monthly from 1967 to 2010. Our variables of interest comprise the alphas of each regression (i.e., returns unexplained by the model) and the adjusted, which adjusts for the number of explanatory terms in a model unlike the regular, the adjusted increases only if new variables repair the model. We used all this data to run the normal empirical test regression expressed in (2).We will ignore Rolls critique in the tests and use a certain marke t proxy as in our opinion data on returns of a certain index representative of the country where investors do is quite representative of market returns, as that data is amply divulged and influences all assets related.ResultsThese are the results in regression form and the values of the alphas obtained with double standard error stacks skirt 1 Regression Results from Size Portfolios(Values in parenthesis refer to the t-stat of the variable above)Looking at the alpha values of the regressions under the CAPM, the 4th quintile is the only one significant on a 95% confidence interval. All the beta values are significant and contrastive than zero. Alpha values decrease as we go from portfolios of smaller to bigger companies, as does the of the regressions. As for the Fama French model, the values of factors are significant in all the size regressions, and the alpha value is only significant in the 5th quintile of biggest companies. The follows a similar behavior.These results chatm to favour the tri-factor approach, as including the SMB variable seems to improve the quality of fit of smaller companies. The difference in the adjusted of the lowest 20% quintile between the CAPM and Fama French models is a whopping 30%, indicating that some unsystematic risks, captured by the difference between big and small firms, affect returns. In other words, these results favor Fama and Frenchs model in explaining returns over the CAPM. map 1 biz of CAPM alpha with double standard error bandChart 2 Plot of FF alpha with double standard error bandThese charts tell a more provoke story. The alpha values of the CAPM diminish a lot when going from small cap quintiles to large cap ones, from relatively high alphas to close to zero. Everything changes when using FF three-factor model where the alpha values are negative for small caps and go to positive when moving to bigger companies.The larger range of alphas in the CAPM over FF, especially in smaller companies, again indicat es that returns are not fully captured by measuring only correlation with the market. Accordingly, by adding SMB this range is considerably reduced, especially in the portfolios found on the lowest 20% companies in size.Table 2 Regression Results from Book-to-Market Portfolios(Values in parenthesis refer to the t-stat of the variable above)Here the Betas of all regressions are significant. The fourth and fifth quintiles on the CAPM present a high alpha rejecting the null hypothesis that they are not significant, with a 95% confidence level. On the other hand, the FF model rejects only the lowest 20% B/M portfolios, and by the tiniest of margins.These results show evidence that Fama and French were indeed correct by considering the HML factor in their regression. In fact, the existence of significant alphas in the two highest quintiles in the CAPM, combined with the substantial differences in the adjusted 13% for the 4th quintile, almost 20% in the 5th again demonstrate that CAP M is not considering important variables in determining returns.Chart 3 Plot of CAPM alpha with double standard error bandChart 4 Plot of FF alpha with double standard error bandAs the B/M values increase, CAPMs results are ever worse regarding alpha. By adding double standard error bands, CAPMs portfolios based on the highest 20% value have alphas ranging from 0.1 and 0.6, very substantial values. FF performs much better, with alphas not moving farthest away from 0.Table 3 Regression Results from Industry Portfolios(Values in parenthesis refer to the t-stat of the variable above)Chart 5 Plot of CAPM alpha with double standard error bandChart 6 Plot of FF alpha with double standard error bandContrary to the previous analysis, the three-factor model only displays borderline improvements in the adjusted to the single-factor model when dealing with industry-based portfolios. In fact, the FF model has significant alphas in two different industries Health Care and Others while t he CAPM has none. Moreover, the SMB variable seems to be irrelevant in the Consumer Goods and in other industries. We should not be surprised by these results, as the FF model was built around two ideas small companies and those with high B/M ratios were undervalued by the market. Thus, when analyzing portfolios based on different restraints (like industry) the model will not perform much better compared to the CAPM.A note on Fama-French Three-Factor ModelThe FF model is an extension of the CAPM model in the sense that it uses two extra factors SMB and HML. The first one increases the modulation of different size portfolios. The second one addresses the difference in book values of companies included in different portfolios.We suspect that SMB is in fact important whenever we are trying to predict the different performance of portfolios split using size as the criteria. The same reasoning can be used to portfolios split using book-to-market ratio as the criteria.We contumacious to apply this idea to the data, computing the average contribution of each factor to the total excess return of each portfolio. The resulting table is presented below.Table 4 Factor Contribution to Excess ReturnWe can see that, as we suspected, SMB is in fact very relevant (19% on average) to explain the excess return of different portfolios split with market size criteria. That is even more critical when we are considering portfolios of smaller stocks. In those portfolios, the factor HML is not particularly important.When we move to book-to-market value different portfolios, it is HML that contributes significantly (14%), especially to high book-to-value stocks, and SMB can be neglected.Finally, when the criterion to split portfolios is neither size nor book-to-market, the two extra factors of the Fama-French model have no explanatory power on average. We can see the average weights are very close to standard CAPM. We can speculate on the difference across industries for instance, hi -tech and health care stocks tend to have higher(prenominal) book-to-market ratios, and so the HML factor is relevant. It is possible that a factor like high dividend yield less low dividend yield might be robust to explain performance differences among portfolios split according to dividend yield level.We are not questioning the applicability of the Fama-French model. What we are addressing here is that each factor does not have a generalized relevant contribution to explain excess returns. In certain situations, like small cap portfolios and growth stocks, each factor in turn becomes very important. Outside of these native environments, the factors do not contribute to explain or predict excess returns.Final RemarksThroughout this work we have shown that Fama and Frenchs tri-factor model is superior to the CAPM in capturing some non-systematic anomalies not considered by the simple one-factor approach. These anomalies include the undervaluation of small firms and those with high B /M ratios. Adding variables that reflect this effect considerably improves the quality of fit of the model and eliminates loose ends as reflected by the significant alphas present in some portfolios using the CAPM. However, we must pay close attention to data, as performing a FF regression on data that does not reflect these variables, as industry does not improve the models.References and Other BibliographyFama, E. F., French, K. R. (1992). The Cross-Section of Expected Stock Returns. The ledger of Finance, 47(2), 427-465.Fama, E. F., MacBeth, J. D. (1973). Risk, Return, and Equilibrium Empirical Tests. The Journal of political Economy, 81(3), 607-636.Lintner, J. (1965). The Valuation of Risk Assets and the Selection of Risky Investments in Stock Portfolios and Capital Budgets. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 47(1), 13-37.Markowitz, H. (1952). Portfolio Selection. The Journal of Finance, 7(1), 77-91.Mossin, J. (1966). Equilibrium in a Capital Asset Market. 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