Fundamentals of Rocket Science :: physics rocket science

LiftoffRocket engines are different from cable car or jet engines in two fudamental ways. 1. Unlike cars, rockets dont film to vim off of anything to propel themselves forward. 2. Rockets are self-contained. In other words they dont need oxygen from the atmosphere to provide can for energy.Rockets operate using the police of conservation of linear momentum. This police states that whenever two or more particles interact, the gist momentum of the system remains constant. In this case the doll and its elicit can be considered separate particles.A rocket moves by ejecting its fuel out the nose at extremely high velocities (approx. 6000 miles per hour). The fuel is given up momentum as it is being ejected. To handle conservation of linear momentum, the shuttle must be given a compensating momentum in the opposite word direction.Rockets move exactly like Dr. Newman would if he were on a winding-clothes of ice with 3 million pounds of baseballs throwing them at a rate of 22,000 lbs/sec. in reality Dr. Newman would move quite a bit faster, because he has MUCH less(prenominal) mass than the space shuttle.To quickly summarize, thrust is equal to the exhaust pep pill multiplied by the kernel fuel leaving with respect to time. This is illustrated by the equationThrust = ve(dM/dt)This tells us the only way to increase the amount of thrust acting on the rocket, is by increasing the velocity of the exhaust, or the amount of fuel, M, leaving per second. * This is why space shuttles dont hurl baseballs out the cover of the rockets. Its takes a lot of energy to accelerate a baseball to 6000 mphRocket Scientist (they dont call them that for nothing) prefer to use the ideal gas law An ideal gas is one for which PV/nT is constant at all pressures. * elicit and an Oxidizing agent, usually liquid oxygen and hydrogen respectively, are forced into the conflagration chamber where they are ignited. The temperature increases which forces the pressure in the c hamber to increase to insure PV/T remains constant.Volume inside the chamber is constant soPi/Ti = Pf/Tf, = Pf = PiTf/TiUsing Bernoullis equation we can set apart the velocity of the gas exiting the NozzleVe = Ac2(Pc - Pn)/(p(Ac2-An2))(1/2)where V = velocity, A = cross sectional area, P = pressure, p = density of the fluid, and n,c = defines Nozzle and Combustion Chamber respectively.The last step is to find the rate the mass is being ejected (dM/dt).