Outline two perspectives on learning Essay

Classical gain vigor is when behaviour is hit the booksed through with(predicate) and through a stimulus response bond (S_R) This is do by victimisation unconditioned stimuli as well as conditioned stimuli. Simply all(prenominal)ot this method of behavioristic learnedness is able to create behaviour that doesnt normally exist (e.g. salivating at the sound of a bell) this is through with(p) through association. For examinationple if a person was to ring a bell salutary before they fed the dog, the dog would salivate due to the presence of the food. If done enough times, the dog would salivate at the sound of the bell alone, correct if no food was present (Pavlovs experiment)Operant Conditioning is employ to shape behaviour that already exists in the learner. This is done through keep whether it be positive (rewarding) negative (taking away a negative trait) or punishment Skinner found that slew are more belike to learn a behaviour if they are rewarded after doing it (e.g. praise, gifts etc.)SLT refers to Banduras research, as he believed that muckle feces learn through vicarious knowledge watching other people doing or not doing as they do. This is done by Modelling, which fanny mean to make an example of a peer in enlighten, thus showing others how to, or not to act.HumanisticCarl Rogers believed that people learn scoop when they are given/sh birth Unconditional positive regard, empathy and genuiness. This looks at learners as human beings with sensitivities and self esteem as opposed to machines which rear be programmed (behaviourist) Maslow was another humanistic believers he created the pecking order of needs, suggesting that the learners needed their fundamental needs to be satisfied (food safety belingingess) before they ass learn and have the desire to explore the meta needs (learning etc.)Due to the fact that the common chord lieus are so different in design, it can be precise difficult to say how one method is nomothetical ly better than another. Each perspective has its own strong and weak points.The behaviourist perspective is a actually affective method of learning as performance levels tennerd to be at the highest when the techniques of classical, Operant and SLT are applied. However this suggests that people learn to that extent what they show, valuing nothing barely the behaviour of the learner.For example the use of Classical Conditioning can create associations which can benefit the learner (e.g. standing up when a governor enters the room) as it can avoid embarrassment however, it can also be considered unethical to use such techniques as learners ten can become unable to control their own actions as the SR bond created put their behaviour in the control of the subconscious thus using classical conditioning techniques would not be best when difficult to teach something of a creative nature (e.g. art, music etc.) as individualised control is very important in these casefulsAnother eth ical fill out with the use of behaviourist tactics in learning is that the honourment can hurt the learners self esteem. This can be seen in Operant Conditioning techniques like punishment in that although the behaviour whitethorn be shaped to an acceptable standard, the learners would become less make to produce work. This can also play a role in bad association between the student and the subject being taught in that they dont like how the behaviourists teacher treats them, they would learn to dislike the subject as opposed to simply the teacher.The Humanistic view, due to the fact that they judge the development of the person more than the acquisition of trivial knowledge, can lots very poor exam results at bottom checks. An example of this would be the Summerhill school (Neil) which applied a completely humanistic approach to the workings of the school (e.g. no reinforcement of class attendance, no rules etc.) the results of this experiment showed that with the humanistic perspective, exam results were poor, however follow up studies showed that psychological problems and better stability within alumniAnother possible criticism of the humanistic views of Maslow is that there are people who can learn in school very well yet not have all of their basic needs satisfied (e.g. absent-minded parenting) however it can be said that the higher meta needs would be easier to pursue if the basic needs were provided for the learner. This goes against Maslows theory in that the hierarchy of needs can have exceptions based on individual differences (which can be analysed in the Myers Briggs Personality Indicator)Cognitive psychologists believe that all training can be presented in a way thats best taken on by the learner. However this goes against the theories of Piaget and Ausubel who thought that information was entirely better if present in certain ways, (bit by bit versus all encompassing respectively) The cognitive approach doesnt consider the learners as anything but information processors, which can also hurt students self esteem as they are not necessarily regarded as human beings who are value (Rogers)When it comes down to it each perspective is very helpful to the improvement of learning within children however if used exclusively can cause their own contrasting problems. The best way in my eyes is to create a hybrid of the systems, for example, in regards to dealing with disruptive behaviour a behaviourist system of punishment be most effective, but then followed up with a humanistic debrief, (explaining why being punished) this would allow the student to learn the behaviour as well as maintain or reinforce self esteem.